Tare da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha da haɓaka fasahar likitanci, damar yin amfani da hasken X-ray ma ya karu sosai.Kowa ya san cewa hoton kirji, CT, duban dan tayi da na'urorin X-ray na iya fitar da hasken X-ray don shiga jikin dan adam don lura da cutar.Sun kuma san cewa X-ray na fitar da radiation, amma mutane nawa ne suke fahimtar injinan X-ray.Yadda za a fitar da haskoki fa?
Na farko, yaya X-rays suke a cikin waniInjin X-raysamar?Sharuɗɗan da ake buƙata don samar da hasken X-ray da ake amfani da su a cikin magani sune kamar haka: 1. X-ray tube: bututun gilashin vacuum mai dauke da lantarki guda biyu, cathode da anode;2. Tungsten farantin: tungsten karfe tare da babban atomic lambar za a iya amfani da su yin X-ray tubes A anode ne manufa domin samun electron bombardment;3. Electrons masu motsi da sauri: suna amfani da babban ƙarfin lantarki a duka ƙarshen bututun X-ray don sa electrons suyi tafiya cikin sauri.Na'urori masu canzawa na musamman suna haɓaka ƙarfin lantarki zuwa babban ƙarfin da ake buƙata.Bayan farantin tungsten ya buge da electrons masu motsi da sauri, za a iya sanya atom na tungsten su zama electrons don samar da hasken X.
Na biyu, menene yanayin wannan X-ray, kuma me ya sa za a iya amfani da shi wajen lura da yanayin bayan shiga jikin mutum?Wannan duk saboda kaddarorin X-rays ne, waɗanda ke da manyan kaddarorin guda uku:
1. Kutsawa: Shiga ciki yana nufin iyawar X-rays don wucewa ta cikin wani abu ba tare da an sha ba.X-ray na iya shiga cikin kayan da hasken da ake iya gani na yau da kullun ba zai iya ba.Hasken da ake iya gani yana da tsayi mai tsayi, kuma photons ba su da kuzari kaɗan.Idan ya bugi wani abu, sai wani bangare nasa ya rika nuna shi, yawancin kwayoyin halitta sun shafe shi, kuma ba ya iya wucewa ta cikin abin;yayin da X-rays ba su kasance ba, saboda ɗan gajeren zangonsu, kuzari Lokacin da yake haskaka kayan, wani ɓangare ne kawai kayan ke ɗauka, kuma yawancinsu ana ɗaukar su ta hanyar ratar atom, yana nuna ƙarfin shiga mai ƙarfi.Ƙarfin X-ray don kutsawa cikin kwayoyin halitta yana da alaƙa da makamashin hotunan X-ray.Matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman haskoki na X-ray, mafi girman ƙarfin photons kuma mafi ƙarfin ikon shiga.Ƙarfin shigar da hasken X-ray shima yana da alaƙa da yawa na kayan.Abubuwan da ke da yawa suna ɗaukar ƙarin haskoki X kuma suna watsa ƙasa;abu mai yawa yana ɗaukar ƙasa kuma yana watsawa.Yin amfani da wannan kadarorin na sha bambance-bambance, ana iya bambanta nama mai laushi kamar ƙasusuwa, tsokoki, da kitse masu yawa daban-daban.Wannan shine tushen zahiri na X-ray fluoroscopy da daukar hoto.
2. Ionization: Lokacin da wani abu ya haskaka ta hanyar X-rays, ana cire electrons na waje daga sararin samaniya.Ana kiran wannan tasirin ionization.A cikin aiwatar da tasirin photoelectric da watsawa, tsarin da ake raba photoelectrons da recoil electrons daga atom ɗin su ana kiransa ionization na farko.Wadannan electrons na photoelectrons ko recoil electrons suna yin karo da wasu atom yayin tafiya, ta yadda electrons daga atom din da suka samu nasara ana kiransu secondary ionization.a cikin daskararru da ruwaye.ionized tabbatacce da korau ions za su sake haɗuwa da sauri kuma ba su da sauƙin tattarawa.Duk da haka, cajin ionized a cikin iskar gas yana da sauƙin tattarawa, kuma ana iya amfani da adadin adadin ionized don ƙayyade adadin hasken X-ray: Ana yin kayan auna X-ray bisa wannan ka'ida.Saboda ionization, gas na iya gudanar da wutar lantarki;wasu abubuwa na iya fuskantar halayen sinadarai;Ana iya haifar da illolin halittu iri-iri a cikin kwayoyin halitta.Ionization shine tushen lalacewar X-ray da jiyya.
3. Fluorescence: Saboda gajeren zangon X-rays, ba a iya gani.Duk da haka, idan an ba da haske ga wasu mahadi irin su phosphorus, platinum cyanide, zinc cadmium sulfide, calcium tungstate, da dai sauransu, atom ɗin suna cikin yanayi mai jin dadi saboda ionization ko motsa jiki, kuma atom ɗin suna komawa ƙasa a cikin tsari. , saboda canjin matakin makamashi na valence electrons.Yana fitar da haske na bayyane ko ultraviolet, wanda shine haske.Sakamakon haskoki na X-ray yana haifar da abubuwa zuwa haske ana kiransa fluorescence.Ƙarfin haske ya yi daidai da adadin haskoki na X-ray.Wannan tasirin shine tushen yin amfani da hasken X-ray zuwa fluoroscopy.A cikin aikin bincike na X-ray, ana iya amfani da irin wannan nau'in walƙiya don yin allo mai kyalli, ƙarar allo, allon shigarwa a cikin haɓaka hoto da sauransu.Ana amfani da allon mai kyalli don kallon hotunan haskoki na X-ray da ke wucewa ta jikin jikin mutum yayin da ake amfani da fluoroscopy, kuma ana amfani da allon mai ƙarfi don haɓaka hankalin fim ɗin yayin daukar hoto.Abin da ke sama gabaɗaya gabatarwa ne ga haskoki na X-ray.
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Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-04-2022